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Elamipretide · Cardiolipin-Targeting Mitochondrial Peptide

SS-31 Research Compound

An aromatic-cationic Szeto-Schiller tetrapeptide used in cardiolipin interaction research, mitochondrial membrane studies, and ischemia-reperfusion pathway investigations in preclinical models. Available as a 10mg lyophilized research sample, HPLC + MS verified.

10mg vial COA: Krause Analytical Reviewed: Sabrina Runbeck, PA-C Verified: Finnrick Pulse For Research Use Only
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Compound Overview

What Is SS-31?

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide belonging to the Szeto-Schiller peptide family — a class of cell-permeable peptides developed for mitochondrial membrane research. The compound carries the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, incorporating D-amino acids at key positions to confer resistance to standard proteolytic degradation, which is relevant to its stability profile in research contexts.

The "SS" designation refers to its developers: Dr. Hazel H. Szeto (Cornell University / Weill Cornell Medicine) and Dr. Peter W. Schiller. SS-31 was the 31st peptide in the series identified for its affinity toward cardiolipin — a phospholipid concentrated on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Research interest in SS-31 centers on how this cardiolipin-binding selectivity may relate to mitochondrial inner membrane structural studies and electron transport chain complex organization in model systems.

With a molecular weight of approximately 736 Da, SS-31 is a relatively small peptide that has been studied in a range of cell and animal model contexts. Published research has examined its behavior in oxidative phosphorylation pathway studies, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanism research in cell models, and ischemia-reperfusion pathway models in animals. Sequence Labs supplies SS-31 as a 10mg lyophilized research sample. For research use only. Not for human use.

Compound Specifications

Compound SS-31 / Elamipretide
Series Szeto-Schiller Peptide 31
Sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂
Formula C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅
Mol. Weight ~736 Da
CAS No. 736992-21-5
Form Lyophilized powder
Peptide Type Aromatic-cationic, 4 a.a.
Research Size 10mg
Testing HPLC + MS (Krause Analytical)
Purity ≥98% verified
⚗ For research use only — not for human use

Published Research Context

Research Background

The following areas represent published research contexts in which SS-31 has been examined. All references reflect preclinical, cell-based, or animal model research. For research use only. Not for human use.

01

Cardiolipin Interaction Research

Published research has examined SS-31's selective affinity for cardiolipin — a phospholipid predominantly concentrated on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Studies in cell models have explored how this binding selectivity relates to the structural organization of mitochondrial membranes in model systems.

02

Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Research

Published research has examined SS-31 in the context of inner mitochondrial membrane architecture studies. Research has explored how cardiolipin-binding peptides may relate to cristae structure in isolated mitochondria and cell model preparations.

03

Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway Research in Preclinical Models

Published research has examined SS-31 in oxidative phosphorylation pathway studies using preclinical model systems. Research has explored relationships between cardiolipin-binding peptide exposure and electron transport chain complex assembly measurements in these model contexts.

04

ROS Scavenging Mechanism Research in Cell Models

Published research has examined SS-31's behavior in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanism studies conducted in cell model systems. The aromatic-cationic structure of SS-31 has been investigated in this context across various cell types in vitro.

05

Ischemia-Reperfusion Pathway Research in Animal Models

Published research has examined SS-31 in ischemia-reperfusion pathway investigations using animal model systems. Research has explored relationships between SS-31 exposure and measured endpoints in cardiac and renal ischemia-reperfusion animal model preparations.

PM Browse published research on PubMed: SS-31 / Elamipretide / Cardiolipin — PubMed Index. All external research is cited for reference context only. For research use only.

Mitochondria-Related Research Compounds

SS-31 vs MOTS-c

Both SS-31 and MOTS-c appear in published mitochondria-related research literature, but they represent distinct mechanistic approaches. SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide developed for direct cardiolipin interaction research, while MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide studied as a mitochondrial signaling molecule. Researchers selecting between them should note the differences in origin, mechanism, and published model context.

For research use only. Not for human use.

SS-31 (Elamipretide) — This Compound
Synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂). Developed by Szeto & Schiller. Published research has examined direct cardiolipin binding on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Studied in ischemia-reperfusion animal models, ROS scavenging cell models, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway research. MW ~736 Da.
Direct cardiolipin interaction research
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame Peptide)
21-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Published research has examined MOTS-c as a mitochondria-derived signaling peptide. Research contexts include metabolic pathway studies and nuclear gene regulation investigations in cell and animal models. Distinct mechanism from SS-31: signaling peptide rather than membrane-targeting synthetic peptide.
Mitochondrial signaling peptide research

Sequence Labs Supply

SS-31 Research Sample

Sequence Labs supplies SS-31 as a 10mg lyophilized research vial. Each batch is tested by Krause Analytical using HPLC and mass spectrometry, with the COA available on request. Catalog integrity is reviewed by Sabrina Runbeck, PA-C, and verified through Finnrick Pulse.

SS-31 / Elamipretide ~$75
Research Size 10mg vial
Form Lyophilized powder
Testing Method HPLC + Mass Spectrometry
Testing Laboratory Krause Analytical
Purity ≥98% verified
Catalog Review Sabrina Runbeck, PA-C
Verification Finnrick Pulse
COA Available on request
Intended Use Research use only
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🔬
HPLC + Mass Spectrometry
Dual-method analytical verification on every batch ensures identity and purity from Krause Analytical — an independent third-party laboratory.
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Certificate of Analysis (COA)
Batch-level COAs available for SS-31. Transparency at the sample level — not a blanket manufacturer claim.
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Sabrina Runbeck, PA-C
Catalog reviewed by a licensed physician assistant. Provides an additional layer of professional review for catalog integrity and research context accuracy.
✓
Finnrick Pulse Verification
Secondary verification pass through Finnrick Pulse for additional quality confirmation prior to catalog listing.

Reconstitution Reference

Research Use Only

The following is a general laboratory reference for preparing SS-31 research samples. All procedures must conform to institutional biosafety standards and applicable laboratory protocols.

  1. Allow the sealed research vial to reach room temperature before handling to minimize condensation upon opening.
  2. Introduce bacteriostatic water (preferred) or sterile water for injection slowly along the inner vial wall — do not introduce solvent directly onto the lyophilized pellet under pressure.
  3. Gently swirl the vial in a circular motion until the lyophilized powder is fully dissolved. Do not vortex.
  4. Inspect the solution visually for complete clarity before use in research preparations. Discard if particulate matter is present.
  5. Aliquot the prepared research sample into sterile low-bind vessels if not used immediately. Store at −20°C for longer research use periods.
Solvent Selection
Bacteriostatic water is recommended for multi-use research preparations. Sterile water for injection is appropriate for single-use research contexts. SS-31 demonstrates aqueous solubility at physiologically relevant concentrations in research preparations.
Storage Guidance
Lyophilized SS-31 research samples should be stored at −20°C, protected from light and moisture. Once solvent is introduced, store the prepared research sample at 4°C for short-term use or −20°C for longer-term research storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Research Handling
Follow your institution's laboratory safety protocols for peptide research samples. Use appropriate PPE. This compound is for in vitro and in vivo preclinical research use in qualified laboratory settings only.
Concentration Reference
10mg SS-31 (MW ~736 Da) introduced with 1mL solvent yields approximately 13.6mM stock solution. Dilute as required by your specific research protocol.
For research use only. Not for human use. Not for veterinary use. All solvent introduction and sample preparation procedures should be performed by trained laboratory personnel under appropriate institutional oversight.

Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂. It belongs to the Szeto-Schiller peptide series developed by Dr. Hazel Szeto and Dr. Peter Schiller. It is used in research contexts focused on cardiolipin interaction, mitochondrial inner membrane studies, and ischemia-reperfusion pathway models in preclinical systems. Sequence Labs supplies it as a 10mg research sample. For research use only. Not for human use.
Cardiolipin is a dimeric phospholipid concentrated on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It plays a structural role in the organization of electron transport chain complexes and in maintaining the curvature of cristae. Published research has examined SS-31's selective affinity for cardiolipin in cell and preclinical model contexts, making it of interest to researchers studying mitochondrial inner membrane architecture and function in model systems. For research use only.
SS-31 was developed by Dr. Hazel H. Szeto at Cornell University / Weill Cornell Medicine and Dr. Peter W. Schiller. The "SS" in Szeto-Schiller peptides reflects the researchers' surnames. SS-31 is the 31st peptide identified in their research series. The compound was developed to investigate how cell-permeable aromatic-cationic peptides interact with cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane in research model contexts.
Sequence Labs offers SS-31 as a 10mg research vial in lyophilized powder form. Each vial is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis from Krause Analytical, tested by both HPLC and mass spectrometry, confirming identity and purity ≥98%. The catalog is reviewed by Sabrina Runbeck, PA-C. For research use only. Not for human use.
For research sample preparation, introduce bacteriostatic water or sterile water slowly into the vial along the inner wall, then gently swirl until fully dissolved. Do not vortex. SS-31 has aqueous solubility suitable for standard research preparation. All solvent introduction and sample preparation should be performed by trained laboratory personnel following institutional biosafety protocols. For research use only. Not for human use.
No. SS-31 supplied by Sequence Labs is strictly for research use only. It is not for human use and not for veterinary use. It has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration as a drug, supplement, diagnostic, or preventive agent. All use of this research sample must comply with applicable institutional review requirements and regulatory guidelines in the researcher's jurisdiction.

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